Real-world deployment of [[ZKP/ZKP Base Layer/Core Concepts/Zero-Knowledge Proofs|ZKPs]] introduces vulnerabilities that require proactive mitigation: - **Circuit Bugs:** Arithmetic [[ZKP/ZKP Base Layer/ZKP Blockchain/Technical Build Application Layer/Privacy-Preserving Computations with ZK Wrappers/Circuit Definition for Diverse AI Tasks/Circuit Definitions|circuits]] in ZKPs must accurately encode computations. Errors, such as flawed constraints, could permit invalid proofs, jeopardizing integrity. The ecosystem counters this with rigorous testing and peer review, drawing on foundational ZKP research [8, 9, 30]. Formal verification techniques are also employed to prove correctness mathematically, leveraging [[Substrate]]'s runtime safety guarantees and WASM's sandboxed execution environment to contain potential circuit failures. See also: [[ZKP/ZKP Base Layer/ZKP Blockchain/Cryptographic Assumptions and Implementation Risks/Trusted Setups for zk-SNARKs|Trusted Setups for zk-SNARKs]]